Physics Unit and 2nd semester Exam Review
Use complete sentences in all answers.
Define:
battery weight watts ionic covalent solubility
machine energy elastic force acid base pH
frictional force wet cell electrode ionic compound indicator hydronium
electrolyte dry cell gravitational force covalent compound weak strong
effort distance load distance effort force concentrated dilute neutralization
load force control work salt organic hydrocarbon
power series dependent variable saturated unsaturated alkane
parallel newton independent “ alkene alkyne ester
joule mass inertia alcohol organic acid alkyl
slope load force load distance biochemical carbohydrate lipid
rise run work output protein alkyl halide (halogen derivative)
work input fulcrum efficiency structural formula isomer isotope
actual mech. adv. ideal mech. adv. simple machines radioactivity radiation mass number
speed rate acceleration half-life alpha decay beta decay
rotational spring potential energy kinetic energy fusion fission gamma decay
gravitational potential energy Newton’s first law medium transverse wave crest
Newton’s second law Newton’s third law amplitude frequency longitudinal wave
torque wavelength wave speed reflection refraction diffraction
interference pitch Doppler effect decibel echolocation resonance
absorption scattering opaque pigment transparent electromagnetic spectrum
translucent color subtraction color addition fluid pascal Archimedes' principle
buoyant force density Bernouli's principle drag lift Pascal's principle
thrust fossil fuel renewable nonrenewable biomass energy conversions
heat temperature Kelvin scale conductor insulator specific heat
heat engine thermal pollution heat of fusion convection conduction greenhouse effect
- Draw and label a diagram of the battery that we made.
- Discuss different ways that our battery could be made stronger (have more energy).
- Explain how the battery we made could be recharged.
- How does a purchased battery compare to the one we made?
- Describe the energy transformations that take place when a battery is connected to a light bulb.
- How does the recharger work to give batteries energy?
- Which uses more energy the electric motor or the light bulb? Explain how you know this.
- Describe the energy transformations that take place when batteries are connected to a motor.
- How did Alessandro Volta and Sir Humphry Davy contribute to the development of batteries?
- The capacity of a battery depends upon what two variables?
- What is the relationship between recharging time and the energy stored in a battery?
- Using a line of best-fit graph for recharging time and stored energy, how does the graphed line appear?
- When using and analyzing experimental data, why is it best to use averages of a lot of data?
- How is the stretch of a rubber band and the elastic forces related?
- Explain 2 variables that affect the frictional forces on an object being pulled across a surface.
- Explain how frictional forces are measured.
- Explain 3 variables that affect the efficient operation of a motor connected to batteries.
- Calculate the work done in each of these problems:
A. A girl moves a 50N box 10 m.
B. A student rearranges his room, he must move a 190kg desk 4m for its new position. (kg is mass not weight)
- A crane’s motor can exert a maximum of 200N of force. It needs to be used to move a shipping container that weighs 310N, 15m to the dock. Determine how much work will be done.
- From #18 use the information to calculate power was exerted if:
A. The girl moved the box in 10 seconds.
B. The boy moved his desk in 30 seconds.
- Explain how adding more batteries in a series to a motor will affect the power of the motor if the load is kept constant.
- Explain how machines make work easier.
- Explain how frictional forces affect the work done to perform a task. How do adding wheels help with this?
- Explain how an inclined plane can help us do work.
- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of collaborative science experimentation.
- What is the relationship between effort force and effort distance in pulley systems?
- What two ways can a pulley system make work easier?
- What two factors determine the class of the lever?
- Explain how the lever is a simple machine.
- Why is actual mechanical advantage always less than ideal mechanical advantage?
- Calculate the IMA of a machine if the effort force moves through a distance of .53m and the load only moves .1m.
- Calculate AMA if the load lifted is 5.8N and the effort required to move the load is 3N.
- Calculate the efficiency of a machine that lifts a 2.5N load 3m with an effort of 2N through a distance of 7m.
- Would you consider the above machine efficient? If this is a closed system what happens to the rest of the energy that should have been generated?
- If a constant unbalanced force is applied to a car over a long period of time, what will happen to the motion of the car?
- Calculate the average speed of a car that travels a distance of 8m in 62sec.
- How does the mousetrap provide energy for the car?
- In terms of forces explain why the mousetrap car’s motion appeared as it did with the following accelerations (in m/s) .35, .93, 1.11, 1.14, 1.11, .78, .21, 0.
- If a roller coaster car weighing 4N is lifted 2m to begin its run and continues moving until it coasts to a complete stop at its original elevation, how much energy has it used?
40. Why won’t a roller coaster car rise to its original height?
41. Why are orbiting objects said to be in free fall?
42. What is the gravitational constant (on Earth)?
43. What is the relationship between acceleration due to gravity and terminal velocity?
44. What two forces are working in projectile motion?
45. What is the relationship mass and inertia?
46. What two factors determine acceleration?
47. How is momentum conserved?
48. What is normal atmospheric pressure at sea level?
49. How does atmospheric pressure change with altitude?
50. How does water pressure change with depth?
